• The mitochondrial protein AIF was the first

  2024-05-07

  

  The mitochondrial protein AIF was the first caspase-independent death effector. AIF can induce caspase-independent chromatin condensation and large-scale DNA fragmentation to approximately 50 KB. AIF that is released to cytoplasm can mediate apoptosis when special extracellular signals trigger the o

• The specific functions of ERs and AR

  2024-05-07

  

  The specific functions of ERs and AR underline their crucial roles during different phases of spermatogenesis. Their deregulation could affect numerous downstream targets, thereby, disrupting spermatogenesis and male fertility. Various studies have shown that estrogen-like chemicals in the environme

• From a clinical utility standpoint

  2024-05-07

  

  From a clinical utility standpoint, this study showed that AR can be useful in the GATA3-positive tumor of unknown origin setting. Epidemiologically, in this setting, the top 2 diagnoses in the differential diagnosis are metastatic carcinoma of breast origin or urothelial origin [18]. Seven out of 1

• Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl

  2024-05-07

  

  Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and widely considered as first-line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 is responsible for the inactivation of incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 is released by the intestine aft

• In conclusion we show that

  2024-05-07

  

  In conclusion, we show that HBP1 is phosphorylated on three sites, which control HBP1 transcriptional activity and glioblastoma cell proliferation. This phosphorylation largely depends on AKT, although other kinases may also be involved. In a previous study, we had shown that the PI3K-AKT pathway re

• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs are abundant environme

  2024-05-07

  

  Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are abundant environmental contaminants that are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic matter, combustion engines, residential heating, Navitoclax synthesis burning, and industrial activities (Gelboin, 1980; Phillips, 1999, Phillips, 2002). Some PAH

• Ozone induced innate inflammatory responses in the

  2024-05-07

  

  Ozone-induced innate inflammatory responses in the lung involve neutrophil extravasation through enhanced trans-endothelial migration (Krishna et al., 1997). Catecholamines and glucocorticoids, which are increased by ozone inhalation (Bass et al., 2013, Miller et al., 2015, Miller et al., 2016a, Mil

• AMPK is a serine threonine protein kinase composed

  2024-05-07

  

  AMPK is a serine/threonine protein kinase composed of a catalytic α subunit with the activating phosphorylation site (Thr172) and two regulatory subunits, β and γ. The two AMPK variants, α1 and α2, show different cellular localization in mammalian cells. AMPKα2 is detected in nuclear and non-nuclear

• Given these findings above we hypothesized that

  2024-05-07

  

  Given these findings above, we hypothesized that hypernociception produced by intra-amygdala 8-OH-DPAT is result of hyperpolarization in this area. This neuronal inhibition of the amygdaloid complex might result in an inactivation of crucial neurotransmitter systems of the descending inhibitory pain

• br Acknowledgement br Introduction There has

  2024-05-07

  

  Acknowledgement Introduction There has been great progress in the treatment of autoimmune disease during the past several decades. However, the majority of autoimmune diseases have no known cure. B lymphocytes and autoantibodies play important roles in many autoimmune diseases, including rheum

• Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG is an autoimmune

  2024-05-07

  

  Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness, which is mainly due to autoantibodies reducing the number or function of postsynaptic Deferiprone receptors (AChRs) [1], [2]. Animal models have been developed to uncover the immunopathogenesis of MG. Ex

• AP activation is known to upregulate downstream

  2024-05-06

  

  AP-1 activation is known to upregulate downstream target genes including azd2171 D1, c-myc, Bcl-xl, MMP-9, EGFR, and specific miRNAs that are involved in progression and metastasis of tumors. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase-2 has been shown as a downstream gene of AP-1, triggered by 15-HETE in t

• Although several different membrane estrogen receptors have

  2024-05-06

  

  Although several different membrane estrogen receptors have been reported (Qiu et al., 2008; Revankar et al., 2005), a large percentage of membrane-initiated steroid hormone signaling appears to be performed by a subpopulation of the same receptors that act in the nucleus. Specifically, estrogen rec

• Heparin To enhance the accuracy of

  2024-05-06

  

  To enhance the accuracy of SEs in eliminating cancer cells, the mAb recognized by specific Heparin on tumor cells were fused with SEs. Fab C215 or C242 fused with SEA promoted apoptosis in human colon carcinoma cells via Fas (Dohlsten et al., 1994, Litton et al., 1996). SEB-incorporated exosomes we

• br Acknowledgments and Disclosures br Introduction Over the

  2024-05-06

  

  Acknowledgments and Disclosures Introduction Over the last decade, the most visible strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been amyloid β peptide (Aβ) immunotherapy (reviewed in [1]). Although the first efforts with Aβ immunotherapy failed to complete clinical trials [1], A

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