• Autotaxin has been linked to chemoresistance through its abi

  2023-10-23

  

  Autotaxin has been linked to chemoresistance through its ability to inhibit apoptosis induced by paclitaxel in breast cancer ST 2825 [15] and LPA can inhibit cell death induced by cisplatin [40]. Autotaxin was included in the present study because it was identified as being over-expressed in patien

• br Experimental section br Acknowledgements br Introduction

  2023-10-23

  

  Experimental section Acknowledgements Introduction DJ-1 is a highly conserved, homodimeric protein that was originally cloned as an oncogene capable of transforming SR 59230A hydrochloride sale in cooperation with activated ras[1]. DJ-1 is over-expressed in multiple tumor types and is posi

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2023-10-23

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Japanese encephalitis caused by JEV is characterized by DRB neuron death. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. We and other researchers have demonstrated that JEV induces apoptosis by ER stress-mediated IRE1/JNK and ROS-mediate

• br Conclusion br References and recommended reading Papers o

  2023-10-23

  

  Conclusion References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Acknowledgements Introduction Nucleosome, the basic chromatin unit, is composed of DNA and core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) and organized into

• Introduction Heterotrimeric G proteins mediate

  2023-10-23

  

  Introduction Heterotrimeric Gαβγ proteins mediate signal transduction through seven-transmembrane domain receptors. In response to neurotransmitters or hormones, activated receptors bind GTP via the Gα subunit leading to the dissociation of Gα from the Gβγ dimer. G proteins regulate the levels of s

• Thalidomide is now a well known

  2023-10-23

  

  Thalidomide is now a well known antiangiogenic agent. This property of thalidomide is being extensively researched upon, for its significant utility in the treatment of various malignant tumors. Studies show that thalidomide efficaciously inhibits various pro-angiogenic factors such as tumor necrosi

• Intracellular Signaling Cascades From ligand sensitization t

  2023-10-23

  

  Intracellular Signaling Cascades. From ligand sensitization to translation of genes, all cellular processes are dependent on the intracellular levels and activity of partners involved in the signaling pathway. These signaling events lead to critical post-translational modifications including phospho

• br Discussion Hepatic dysfunction in the metabolic syndrome

  2023-10-23

  

  Discussion Hepatic dysfunction in the metabolic syndrome is a driver of negative patient outcomes that requires more therapeutic options. The complexity of liver alterations in this disease – elevated de novo synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, reduced clearance of circulating atherogenic L

• Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl

  2023-10-23

  

  Linagliptin is a recently approved dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor and widely considered as first-line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes. DPP-4 is responsible for the inactivation of incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 is released by the intestine aft

• br Discussion Missense mutations transversions

  2023-10-23

  

  Discussion Missense mutations (transversions) of the first nucleotide of the phenylalanine resveratrol at position 1174 (F1174) of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene can result in substitutions to leucine or valine (F1174L/V) while missense mutation (transversion) of the second nucleotide of th

• Dp44mT Among all the compounds the

  2023-10-23

  

  Among all the compounds, the novel L-748,337 derivative (23d) showed the potent human β3-AR antagonist activity and high lipolysis inhibitory activity in vitro. The Dp44mT 23d displayed 23-fold more potent β3-AR antagonist activity (EC50 = 0.5117 nM) than that of L-748,337 (EC50 = 11.91 nM) and high

• br Expression of adiponectin mRNA in

  2023-10-23

  

  Expression of adiponectin mRNA in chickens We first sought to determine the nucleotide sequence of the chicken adiponectin cDNA. The open reading frame of the chicken adiponectin cDNA consists of 735 nucleotides that was 65–68% homologous to various mammalian adiponectin cDNAs (Maddineni et al.,

• The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal HPA axis is a neuroendocr

  2023-10-21

  

  The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a neuroendocrine system that is central to regulating responses to stress (Palazidou, 2012). In older persons, a high dysfunction of the HPA axis is observed (Otte et al., 2005) which may be enhanced by stimulatory effects of genes involved in the axi

• Two parallel branches of the

  2023-10-21

  

  Two parallel branches of the DNA damage-dependent S-phase checkpoint are thought to co-operate by inhibiting distinct steps of DNA replication. One branch includes the phosphorylation of structural maintenance of chromosomes 1 (SMC1), a cohesin that is activated by ATM or ATR after IR treatment or r

• Besides Arg overexpression our data revealed that AGEs could

  2023-10-21

  

  Besides Arg2 overexpression, our data revealed that AGEs could decrease eNOS mRNA levels, which is considered a significant cause for attenuated NO production and vasodilation. It was found recently that AGEs significantly reduce eNOS expression levels and NO bioavailability in human carotid artery

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