• Prior to cellular uptake studies of compound docking simulat

  2021-09-14

  

  Prior to cellular uptake studies of Cephalexin , docking simulation was performed (A). The result suggested this complex was capable of binding in the cavity of an outward open XylE. The orientation of the sugar moiety in the docked complex was similar to that of the glucose unit bound in the cryst

• Acute effects of FZ were not altered in GluR A

  2021-09-14

  

  Acute effects of FZ were not altered in GluR-A−/− mice, thus providing a solid basis for comparing the effects of repeated drug administration. In addition, GluR-A subunit deficiency did not affect the basal behavior of saline-treated animals, despite the GluR-A−/− mice having been described as hype

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Glucagon

  2021-09-14

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Glucagon, a 29-amino SM-406 sale peptide, is released from the pancreatic islets, intestine and stomach. Glucagon is released under hypoglycemic conditions and then elevates blood glucose levels, serving as a major counter hormone [1]. The regulation of glucose m

• Murine models of sickle disease have been valuable tools

  2021-09-14

  

  Murine models of sickle disease have been valuable tools in the study of human SCD pathogenesis [15], [16], and will continue to be central to development of novel approaches to disease treatment. The SAD mouse model of sickle disease is particularly remarkable for its erythrocyte dehydration phenot

• Sickle erythrocytes are known to have an

  2021-09-14

  

  Sickle erythrocytes are known to have an increased adhesion to endothelial molecular weight mg (Hebbel et al., 1980, Hebbel et al., 1981a, Hebbel et al., 1981b, Wautier et al., 1985, Mohandas and Evans, 1987). Understanding the events associated with vaso-occlusion requires a detailed knowledge of

• br Mechanisms of gap junction internalization

  2021-09-14

  

  Mechanisms of gap junction internalization: disaggregation, endocytosis and annular gap junctions It has been clearly shown that gap junction internalization can occur by a distinctive mechanism where one cell internalizes an entire gap junction via formation of double membrane structure termed a

• br Presenilins and apoptosis Apoptosis

  2021-09-14

  

  Presenilins and apoptosis Apoptosis, also known as programmed cell death, has a critically important role in tissue homeostasis, development, normal ageing and the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders. The presenilins were first linked to apoptosis when ce

• Until recently the mechanism of how GSMs

  2021-09-14

  

  Until recently the mechanism of how GSMs shifted γ-secretase cleavage was poorly understood. Today, building on the sequential cleavage model developed by Ihara and colleagues [14], there is evidence that GSMs act as processivity enhancers, and iGSMs as inhibitors of processivity [120]. At least for

• As with the GSIs there are again major concerns that

  2021-09-14

  

  As with the GSIs, there are again major concerns that GSM therapy in patients with symptomatic AD is almost certain to fail, unless the compound has additional mechanism of action not linked to Aβ that prove to beneficial [52]. Although Aβ1–42 or other longer Aβ peptides are critical for initiating

• At this point it needs however to

  2021-09-14

  

  At this point it needs, however, to be mentioned that most in vivo studies regarding the herein discussed nuclear receptors were performed in rodents, especially in mice. Due to the significant differences in metabolism in mice and humans, not all results are translatable between these species and h

• Emerging evidence has shown that pharmacological FXR agonism

  2021-09-14

  

  Emerging evidence has shown that pharmacological FXR agonism attenuates chronic alcohol treatment-induced liver injury and steatosis [18], [19], while whole-body FXR knockout worsens alcohol-induced liver injury [19]. This suggests that FXR plays an important role in ALD development. However, defici

• On the other hand histone deacetylase

  2021-09-14

  

  On the other hand, histone deacetylase inhibitors can accelerate inflammation resolution by promoting the externalization of AnxA1, a main ALX/FPR2 agonist, with concomitant inhibition of cytokine gene expression in mouse macrophages [30]. Thus, our present results provide an additional mechanism, i

• In addition to the four classical FGFRs

  2021-09-14

  

  In addition to the four classical FGFRs there is an additional receptor, FGFR like-1 (FGFRL1, also known as FGFR5) (Ornitz and Itoh, 2015, Trueb et al., 2003). FGFRL1 gene was discovered in a cartilage specific cDNA library in 2000 (Trueb, 2011, Trueb et al., 2003) and thereafter it has been found i

• Reversine synthesis Our previous study had shown that

  2021-09-14

  

  Our previous study had shown that silencing FFAR1 expression weakened the action of PIO in increasing insulin secretion in lipotoxic β Reversine synthesis [6]. Resent research found that PIO promoted insulin secretion by upregulating FFAR1 [17]. Therefore, we presumed that FFAR1 may be involved in

• DLS only provides a Z

  2021-09-14

  

  DLS only provides a Z-average size based on spherical model, hence the size of nanorods was determined as 300 nm by DLS measurement. However, the size of length is nearly 400 nm while width is about 100 nm, which was clearly observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (D). Meanwhile, the TEM

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